Structural determinations in apatites from cuban phosphorite rocks and their influence on the solubility of P2O5
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Abstract
From the knowledge that is achieved of the microelemental chemical and mineralogical composition through the combined use of instrumental techniques of: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (Debye-Scherrer method), Thermal Analysis, and Infrared Spectroscopy by Fourier Transformed (FTIR), the nature of the isomorphism of the fundamental phosphorus mineral present in the granular phosphoritic ores (calcareous and clayey) of the “Trinidad de Guedes” deposit located in the western region of Cuba it was determined. It is concluded that the main phosphorus mineral that is identified in the ores of the deposit is carbonate-fluorapatite (CFA), mineral name; francolite, to which correspond the following lattice parameters calculated by the Debye- Scherrer powder method were: ao= 9.318 ± 0.001 Å; co= 6.912 ± 0.001 Å, V = 519.8 ± 0.01 A3, consequently it presents a high degree of anionic-structural isomorphism, which is manifested in the adequate solubility of P2O5 that it presents for direct use of the rocks and the preparation of mineral fertilizers, in particular mention is made of the Cuban product registered under the AGROMENAS trademark, developed by CIPIMM specialists, through innovative technology with industrial property, among other products of agricultural interest obtained in the country. The behavior of the Absolute Solubility Index (ISA) of the rocks in different chemical extractants is justified through substitution mechanisms of CO32- / PO43- ions that took place in the CFA during the precipitation of the ores in a sedimentary marine environment (% CO2 = 5.61; CO32- / PO43- = 0.273), of the same order as those that occurred in its mineral counterpart from the North American deposit "North Carolina" (CO32- / PO43- = 0.257). On the other hand, the Cuban phosphate rocks of "La Pimienta", located in the west of the country (prov. Pinar del Río), whose ores were formed from successive events of infiltration-residual of the phosphated limestones, said mechanism resulted from lower significance; CO32- / PO43- = 0.048 (% CO32- = 1.10), from which lower phosphorus solubility was obtained for direct use of the rocks finally.
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