Influence of kaolin plasticity on ceramic formation and behavior in alkaline leaching: a study of Cuban kaolins
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Abstract
High-plasticity kaolin, particularly that of volcanic and volcano-sedimentary origin found in Cuba, is a technologically relevant raw material because of its excellent ceramic formability and, at the same time, the rheological constraints it introduces in alkaline leaching systems. This study examines the relationship between the 1:1 layered structure of kaolinite, particle-size distribution, particulate microstructure, and material plasticity, as well as their impact on suspension rheology and mass-transfer efficiency during caustic soda treatment. To this end, a critical review of recent literature was carried out, focusing on mineralogy, texture, Atterberg limits, slurry rheology, bed permeability, and alkaline dissolution of the reactive siliceous fraction obtained after acid leaching of metakaolin. The evidence reviewed indicates that highly plastic kaolins tend to form more viscous pulps, structurally more compact systems, and less permeable media, thereby restricting dissolution kinetics and reducing overall process performance even under favorable chemical conditions. Based on these findings, physical and rheological conditioning strategies are discussed to reconcile the high ceramic formability of Cuban kaolins with efficient hydrometallurgical performance.
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